Prosopis.net

This is a page with interesting graphics. Although I could not find Dieter, would like to think, once found, that he is a key person in the story of the mesquite tree.

This is February 17, 2012 and very few mesquites begin to awaken

The old Indian adage is that when the mesquite waked up from winter, winter was over, will use my new Blogger tool of sending you a post from my email when I see them, in this area, all definitely awaken.
If you are coming out of your cave, you can tell it is just about there.
Saludos salud suerte
George  

A soap a Soap my kingdom for a soap

Well not really, but this Christmas, my son, Saul, violinist in his Senior year at the School of Music of UTSA gave me a bar of this http://www.awildsoapbar.com product and was not only satisfying but gratifying to see that other persons are taking to use the mesquite bean, maybe some day in the future its presence as the SECOND CORN and all its multiple uses will be known to all mankind.
Saludos salud suerte
Enjoy the Mesquite Wild Soap, these people are good folks!

The Texas Almanac speaks on the mesquite

http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/science/ubiquitous-mesquite

Words, words, words, here are some of my thoughts said by another person.
When I say 65 million acres, they say only 57 million in Texas and that is 76% meaning the total is 75 no?
When I say the mesquites - IF PRUNED - can give shadow and water to a Texas prairie or any prairie they say in their ACTUAL state mesquites will steal water and give hardly no shade.
That PRUNED material is the one I use for cattle feed and tanning production, and stoves the world over, and cooking rich rich steaks.
Leave to you the many more agreeable and disagreeable statements on both presentations.

Mesquite crop of 2011

My cache of around 50 lbs. is kept in my cocoons for when "someone" raises their hand and says, "boy, at 75 that is a compliment", boy they will say, with your none traditional wording, needing editing, and with your out of the traditional pictures, we have been convinced that there is something in that there mesquite bean and the rest of your Total Mesquite Industrialization, and so we like to put some money and start the ball rolling, here is our administrator and accountant with a checkbook, go get them doggies." Then I will brake open my cocoons one by one and start showing the accountant numbers and samples of cookies and ethanol and beer and and and we will show them the merits of this "SECOND AND FREE  CORN, GOD HAS GIVEN US".

Blessed be the obstinate for they will hit the wall again and again, someone once told me, George if you keep your nose to the grind, expect only a ground nose.

Saludos salud suerte

George

P/D The cocoons are made by wrapping the cooled dried beans in a double trash bag and then wrapped with shrink wrap over and over until you don't feel any mesquite barbs (the one you intended to hit your friends with if you were born in a farm and in Texas) protruding. (outch!)




 

Mesquite "Doer"

THIS WORLD SEEMS TO BE GETTING MORE AND MORE "TENDED" BY "TALKERS" AND SINCE GRANDPA'S TIME WE HAVE BEEN TOLD AND IT HAS BEEN PROVEN TO US THAT "DOER'S" WALK THE TALK - WELL LET ME TELL YOU HERE IS A "DOER" ON THE SUBJECT OF MESQUITE AND MORE. IT IS A PLEASURE TO PRESENT TO YOU MR.

Brad Lancaster
www.DesertHarvesters.org
www.HarvestingRainwater.com

AND HIS TWO SITES.
ENJOY AS I DID.
Saludos salud suerte
George

TDA 2011

Made contact with the Department and was told by Deputy Dr. Drew Deberry that Mr. Jason of the Department of Evaluation of the worth of Bio-masses to be considered for the production of Ethanol would be in contact with me and that I had come to the right place.
Hope it all works out for the 2011 harvest has began to drop in the southern part of the state and it would be grand to be able to answer all the questions by economists on the value of the idea and capability of bringing the beans to the point were they can be ground and mixed with water to make a soup in which yeast organism can ferment it into alcohol for use as a bio-fuel with renewable capability, for in numbers is the value of the idea but these can only b e obtained with large enough experimentation.
The breads and cookies are in mind of cooks and investors in Bay-view, Texas for this year awaiting also the dollar contribution by me.
Certainly at 2 months of getting the thick of the harvest fall from the trees the chances of doing a large large experiment are all but dead, except for a Desert Rat , Rambo type of attack on the problematic.

Annie at 617-650-4714 a newspaper person from California asking about Mesquite

Visited with her and talked about Mesquite and the relationship with Rudy Arredondo of NLFRTA that was whom redirected her to me.
Told her about my blog, and noticed during the conversation that I had a couple of entries to make in order to update the whereabouts of the whole idea of Mesquite utilization.
So here are the updates:

Fantastic references:

 http://www.econbot.org/_publications_/index.php?sm=03

http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/progla/references.html#109


This last reference has to do with the work of Dr. Becker of the WRRL back in 1958  and seen he has an entry as late as 1982 on the Journal of Food Chemistry and Agriculture

Encontrado por el Ing. Luis Flores este trabajo es de las maestras Yolanda Lopez y Adriana Torres de Conafor y Conacyt Mexico

Copiar y pegar.

http://www.conafor.gob.mx/biblioteca/foros/Mezquite/USO_DEL_MEZQUITE_COMO_FUENTE_DE_POLISACARIDOS_DE_ALTO_VALOR_AGREGADO.PDF

Ethanol from Mesquite - University of Brazil work (to be edited in future visits)

Note

Production of ethanol from mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW)

D.C.] pods mash by Zymomonas mobilis in submerged

fermentation

Celiane Gomes Maia da Silva; Samara Alvachian Cardoso Andrade; Alexandre Ricardo Pereira Schuler; Evandro Leite de Souza ; Tânia Lúcia Montenegro Stamford *

UFRPE – Depto. de Ciências Domésticas, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n – 52171-900 – Recife, PE – Brasil.

UFPE – Depto. de Engenharia Química, Campus Universitário – 50670-901 – Recife, PE – Brasil.

UFPB – Depto. de Nutrição, Cidade Universitária, Campus I – 58059-900 – João Pessoa, PB – Brasil.

UFPE – Depto. de Nutrição. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n – Cidade Universitária – 50670-901 – Recife, PE – Brasil.

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT:  Mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.], a perennial tropical plant commonly found in Brazilian semi-arid region, is a viable raw material for fermentative processes because of its low cost and production of pods with high content of hydrolysable sugars which generate many compounds, including ethanol. This study aimed to evaluate the use of mesquite pods as substrate for ethanol production by Z. mobilis UFPEDA-205 in a submerged fermentation. The fermentation was assessed for rate of substrate yield to ethanol, rate of ethanol production and efficiency of fermentation. The very close theoretical  (170 g L–1) and experimental (165 g L-1) maximum ethanol yields were achieved at 36 h of fermentation. The highest counts of Z. mobilis UFEPEDA-205 (both close to 6 Log cfu mL –1) were also noted at 36 h. Highest rates of substrate yield to ethanol (0.44 g ethanol g glucose–1), of ethanol production (4.69 g L–1 h–1) and of efficiency of fermentation (86.81%) were found after 30 h. These findings suggest mesquite pods as an interesting substrate for ethanol production using submerged fermentation by Z. mobilis.

Key words: renewable sources, bioconversion, fermentative parameters

Produção de etanol a partir do mosto de vagens de algaroba [Prosopis

juliflora (SW) D.C.] por Zymomonas mobilis em fermentação submersa

RESUMO: A algaroba [Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.] é uma planta tropical perene comumente encontrada no semi-árido brasileiro e apresenta-se como matéria-prima viável para o processo fermentativo por possuir baixo custo e para produzir vagens que contém um elevado teor de açúcares hidrolisáveis, os quais podem gerar diversos compostos, incluindo etanol. Avaliou-se o uso de vagens de algaroba como substrato para produção de etanol por Z. mobilis UFPEDA-205 por meio de fermentação submersa. O processo fermentativo foi avaliado por meio da mensuração da taxa de conversão de substrato em etanol, taxa de produção de etanol e eficiência de fermentação. Os valores muito próximos encontrados para o fornecimento máximo teórico (170 g L–1) experimental (165 g L–1) de etanol foram alcançados após 36 h de fermentação. O valor de contagem experimental de Z. mobilis UFEPEDA-205 (próximo a 6 Log cfu mL

–1) foi encontrado após 36 h de fermentação. As mais elevadas taxas de conversão de substrato para etanol (0,44 g ethanol g glucose –1), de produção de etanol (4,69 g L–1 h–1) e de eficiência de fermentação (86,81%) foram encontrados depois de 30 h. Conclui-se que as vagens de algaroba apresentam potencial como substrato emergente para produção de etanol por Z. mobilis por meio de fermentação submersa.

Palavras-chave: fontes renováveis, bioconversão, parâmetros fermentativos

Introduction

Fuels obtained from renewable resources have deserved a great deal of interest during the past decades

ma inly due   to  conc e rns   about   fos s i l   fue l s  depl e t ion.

R e s e a r c h   e f f o r t s   h a v e   b e e n   m u l t i p l i e d   i n   t h e   l a s t

y e a r s   a s   a   c o n s e q u e n c e   o f   c o n s t a n t   i n c r e a s i n g   c o s t s

a n d   e n v i r o nme n t a l   imp a c t   d e r i v e d   f r om  t h e   u s e   o f

c r u d e - b a s e d   f u e l s   ( G r a y   e t   a l . ,   2 0 0 6 ;   P r a s a d   e t   a l . ,

2007).

Zymomonas mobilis is a Gram-negative, facultative

anaerobic that ferments glucose, fructose, and sucrose

as carbon sources (Viikari, 1998). These carbohydrates

a r e  me t abol i z ed  v i a   the   s ame  biochemi c a l   rout e ,   the

Entner-Doudoroff pathway (Paula et al., 2007). Z. mobilis

is a promising alternative to yeast in the synthesis of ethanol. In comparison with yeast,  Z. mobilis has a higher

tolerance to ethanol and better kinetic characteristics

such as higher specific substrate uptake, higher ethanol

synthe s i s   r a t e   and hi ghe r   subs t r a t e  yi e ld  to  e thanol .Production of ethanol from P. juliflora pods mash 1 2 5

Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.), v.68, n.1, p.124-127, January/February 2011

Moreover, it has advantages for the fermentation of glucose to ethanol that include a high yield of ethanol from

consumed glucose and a high specific rate of ethanol

production (Joachimsthal et al., 1998; Shene and Bravo,

2001; Tano and Buzato, 2003). The metabolic activity of

Z. mobilis depends on the strain and carbon source, while

many by-products can be produced during the ferment a t ion of   suc ros e ,   such  a s  phenol ,   l a c t i c   a c id,  hi ghe r

a l c o h o l s ,   a c e t a l d e h y d e ,   m e t h a n o l   a n d   l e v a n

(Kalneniekis et al., 2000; Borsari et al., 2006).

Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C., Leguminosae, a popular plant known as mesquite, is native to Central and

South America and has spread to North America. Mesq u i t e   h a s   g r e a t   p o t e n t i a l   f o r   u s e   a s   a  mu l t i p u r p o s e

tree in different parts of the world in comparison to

s e v e r a l   n a t i v e   a n d   e x o t i c   s p e c i e s   ( K a i l a p p a n   e t   a l . ,

2000; Deans et al., 2003). Mesquite pods present a high

amo u n t   o f   c a r b o h y d r a t e s   ( B a t i s t a   e t   a l . ,   2 0 0 2 ) .   P o d

production per tree can vary from a few kg to over

400 kg and is highly dependent on moisture availability to the plant (Riveros, 1992). In the northeast region

of Brazil, mesquite trees cover 150.000 ha (Tabosa et

al., 2000).

The aim of this study was to assess the use of mesquite pods as substrate for ethanol production by  Z.

mobilis UFPEDA-205 in a submerged fermentation.

Material and Methods

Strain of Z. mobilis UFEPEDA–205 used in this study

was supplied by the Department of Antibiotics, Federal

University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Stock cultures

were kept in slopes Standard Swings and De Ley – SSDL

agar (glucose 20.0; yeast extract 5.0; agar 15 g L

–1

) (Swings

and De Ley, 1977) under refrigeration. For experimental assays, Z. mobilis were grown in 50 mL of SSDL broth

at 37ºC. After 48 h incubation, 5 mL of the culture was

added to flasks containing 95 mL of the same growth

media and allowed to grow at room temperature for 24

h under rotation (150 rpm).

Liquefied mash was prepared using healthy (with no

infection sign) mesquite pods. Mesquite pods used in this

study presented moisture 5.8; total sugars 56.5; reducing

sugars 4.6; total fiber 7.2; proteins 9.0; fat 2.1; and ashes

0.2 g 100 g

–1

 (Silva et al., 2007). Pods were dried at 45ºC

for 18 h, followed for grounding in hammer mill with a

#4 screen to get the appropriate grind size. Hydrated

mash was prepared at 30 g 100 g

–1

of distilled water. To

prepare the mash, ground mesquite was slowly added

to distilled water in a constant agitation. After the addition of the proper ground amount, the mash was heated

to 50ºC, maintained at this temperature for 1 h and submitted to centrifugation (3000 rpm for 15 minutes). The

supernatant was vacuumed filtered using Whatman n. 1

and autoclaved at 121ºC for 15 min. After that, the mash

was cooled to room temperature and aliquots were aseptically dispensed in sterile Erlenmeyer flasks for fermentation.

The mash used for fermentations presented total sugars (sucrose) 16.1; reducing sugars 3.99; total fiber 3.99;

proteins 2.16; fat 0.63; tannins 0.09; and ashes 0.2 g 100 g

–1

.

It was reported a total soluble solids value of 18ºBrix

(Silva et al., 2007).

Submerged fermentation of mesquite hydrated mash

by  Z. mobilis UFEPEDA–205 was analyzed. A 100-mL

aliquot of mesquite mash (added with 10 g L

–1

 (NH4

(

2

SO4

and 2 g L

–1

 KH2

PO4

) was aseptically distributed in sterile 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks and inoculated with a 24

h-old culture (approximately 10

8

 cfu mL

–1

). The flasks

were incubated at room temperature (28 ± 1ºC) under

static condition. During 72 h of fermentation, the mash

was analyzed for pH, glucose concentration, bacterial

count and ethanol concentration. The fermentation was

carried out in triplicate and the results were expressed

as average of the parallel assays.

Kit Glicose PAP – Liquiform (Labtest Diagnóstica,

Minas Gerais, Brazil) was used to measure the glucose

concentration (g L

–1

), while the pH value was found using a Micronal B474 digital pHmeter. The growth of Z.

mobilis was evaluated by the viable cell count procedure.

For this, at the pre-established periods a 100  μL aliquot

of the media was uniformly spread on sterile SSDL agar

Petri dishes and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. After the

incubation period the count of viable cell was carried

out and the results were expressed as Log of Colony

Forming Units per mL (Log cfu mL

–1

.(

Concentration of ethanol was determined using a gas

chromatograph (HP 5890, Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA)

fitted to a flame ionizer detector. A 2 μL-portion of the fermentation sample was injected onto a column (30 m; 0.25

mm i.d.; 0.25 lm, J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA). The chromatographic conditions were as follow: sample (without

dilution) injection volume 2 μL; hydrogen flow rate 5.0 mL

min

–1

; temperature program 120ºC (isotherm); injector temperature 100°C; detector temperature 120°C. The data were

processed using the Millennium Computer Program (Waters Chromatograph Division, Milford, MA, USA). Analyses were performed in triplicate and the results were expressed as average of the parallel assays.

The following parameters were used for assessing the

fermentative process: (i) Amount of consumed sugar: [S:

- (S

f

 – S

0

)], where  S:  consumed sugar (g glucose L

–1

);  S

f

: 

sugar final concentration (g glucose L

–1

);  S

0

: sugar initial

concentration (g glucose L

–1

); (ii) Amount of produced

ethanol: [P: (P

f

- P

i

)], where P: amount of produced ethanol (g L

–1

);  P

f

: final ethanol concentration (g L

–1

);  P

i

: initial ethanol concentration (g L

–1

); (iii) Rate of substrate

yield to ethanol: [Y

p/s

: P/S], where Y

p/s

: rate of substrate

yield to ethanol (g glucose g ethanol

–1

); (iv) Rate of ethanol production: [PR: P/t], where PR: rate of ethanol production (g L

–1

  h

–1

);  t: time of fermentation (h); (v) Efficiency of fermentation (n

p(%)

), based on the theoretical

yield according to the Gay-Lussac equation (51.1 g ethanol 100 g glucose

–1

): [n

p(%)

: Yp/s

.[100/51.1.

T h e   d a t a   w e r e   a n a l y z e d   b y   A N O V A   u s i n g   t h e

Duncan test (p ≤ 0.05) and the software Statistica 6.0.126 Silva et al.

Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.), v.68, n.1, p.124-127, January/February 2011

Results

During the fermentation the amount of glucose increased up to 24 h (Figure 1). After 30 h of fermentation

the glucose concentration dropped sharply and  it was

absent in the media after 40 h of fermentation. Along

the 72 h fermentation period, the pH value of mesquite

pods mash did not vary (4.8 – 5.1). The maximum ethanol amount (165 g L

–1

) was achieved at 36 h of fermentation (Figure 1). The highest experimental count of  Z.

mobilis (close to 6 Log cfu mL

–1

) was also noted at 36 h

(Figure 1). Highest rates of substrate yield to ethanol

(0.44 g ethanol g glucose

–1

) and efficiency of fermentation (86.81%) were found after 30 h (Table 1). Ethanol

productivities were 4.69 g L

–1

  h

–1

and 4.56 g L

–1

  h

–1

noted

after 30 h and 36 h of fermentation, respectively (Figure

1). At 72 h the values found for all assessing parameters

dropped sharply. 30 h was found as the shorter interval

time to obtain the highest ethanol yield from the fermentation of mesquite pods mash by  Z. mobilis  under static

condition.

Discussion

The amount of glucose dispersed in the growth medium was increasing up to 24 h of fermentation, although

i t  wa s   suppr e s s ed  a f t e r   4 0  h.  The   inc r e a s ing   g lucos e

amount found in mesquite mash up to 24 h was probably related to a continuous hydrolysis of sucrose dispersed in the medium. Silva et al. (2007) reported that

mesquite pods present high availability of sugars (56.5 g

100 g

–1

), particularly sucrose. High availability of sucrose

in the growth media increases the ethanol yield by  Z.

mobilis (Favela Torres and Barati, 1988). On the other

hand, small yields of ethanol are found in media rich of

cellulose, inulin or starch since the bacterium is not able

to hydrolyze these polymers (Shene and Bravo, 2001).

Z. mobilis presents a prominent capacity of hydrolyzing the sucrose dispersed in the growth media and

r a p i d l y  me t a b o l i z e s   t h e   r e s u l t i n g   g l u c o s e   a s   c a r b o n

source for ethanol production by the Entner-Doudoroff

way (Swings and De Ley, 1977). The availability of glucose, fructose or sucrose in the growth media increases

the ethanol yield by Z. mobilis (Favela Torres and Barati,

1988). Extremely high levels of glucose in a basal medium could suppress the growth of Z. mobilis while causing no negative effect toward the ethanol yield (Morais

et al., 1993). The non-occurrence of changes at stabilization of pH in the mesquite mash during 72 h of fermentation could indicate the absence of contaminating bact e r i a   i n   h i g h   n u m b e r   d u r i n g   t h e   f e r m e n t a t i o n

(Narenddranath and Power, 2004).

The three times of fermentation (30, 36 and 72 h)

evaluated were chosen based on the higher and smaller

obtained ethanol yield. The findings suggested 30 h as

the shorter interval time to get the highest ethanol yield

from the fermentation of mesquite pods mash by  Z.

mobilis  under static condition, which could possibly reduce the overall time of the process and decrease the

cost for industrialization.

Aerobic cultures of  Z. mobilis had higher ethanol

yield from glucose with maximum theoretical values of

0.51 g ethanol g glucose

–1

 (Prasad et al., 2007). On the

other hand, small yields of ethanol from glucose (0.13

to 0.17 g ethanol g glucose

–1

) are found in anaerobic cultures (Viikari, 1998; Shene and  Bravo, 2001). Tano and

Buzato (2003) reported a small ethanol production (29 g

L

–1

) from sugar cane juice by  Z. mobilis ATCC 31821

with a small substrate yield into ethanol (0.42 g ethanol

g glucose

–1

) after 48 h under stirring (aerobic) cultivation.

According to the authors, this small yield was possibly

related to the amount of mineral compounds dispersed

in the sugar cane juice that could inhibit the fermentation by Z. mobilis.  Regarding the results of previous studies the mesquite pods hydrated mash present a higher

efficiency for ethanol production in comparison to the

classical substrate sugar cane juice.

Table 1 – Assessing parameters of the fermentative process for ethanol production from mesquite pods hydrated mash

by Z. mobilis UFEPEDA-205 under static conditions for 72 h.

Average values followed for different letter at the lines differ (Duncan, p d” 0.05); Yp/s:

rate of substrate to ethanol conversion; PR:

ethanol productivity; N

p(%)

: efficiency of fermentation

Assessing parameters

Time of fermentation (h

–1

(

03 63 27

Y

p/s

(g g

–1

) 0.44 ± 0.02 a 0.35 ± 0.03 b 0.05 ± 0.02 c

PR (g L

–1

h

–1

) a .69 ± 0.02 4 b .56 ± 0.04 4 c 0.45 ± 0.01

Np(%)

(%) 86.81 ± 0.02 a 70.37 ± 0.01 b 11.27 ± 0.02 c

Figure 1 – Experimental values of the ethanol production and

microbial count in submerged fermentation of hydrat

mesquite pods mash by Z. mobilis UFEPEDA-205

under static condition.

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

100

120

140

160

180

0  10 2 0 30  40  50 6 0 70  80

Ethanol production (g L ethanol production (g L–1) –1

) Microbial cou nt (Log cfu mL microbial coun t (Log cfu mL–1)

–1

) Glucose concentration (g L glucose concentration (g L–1)

–1

) pHProduction of ethanol from P. juliflora pods mash 1 2 7

Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.), v.68, n.1, p.124-127, January/February 2011

Our findings suggest mesquite pods as an emerging

substrate for ethanol production using submerged fermentation by Z. mobilis. High levels of ethanol were produced from mesquite pods hydrated mash by submerged

fermentation using  Z. mobilis under static condition.

References

Batista, A.M.; Mustafa, A.F.; Mckinnon, J.J.; Kermasha, S. 2002.

In situ ruminal and intestinal nutrient digestibilities of mesquite

(Prosopis juliflora) pods. Animal Feed Science and Technology

100: 107-112.

Borsari, R.R.J.; Celligoi, M.A.P.C.; Buzato, J.B.; Silva, R.S.S.F.

2006. Influence of carbon source and the fermentation process

on levan production by  Zymomonas mobilis  analyzed by the

surface response. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos 26: 604-

609.

Deans, J.D.; Diagne, O.; Nizinski, J.; Lindley, D.K.; Seck, M.;

Ingleby, K.; Munro, R.C. 2003. Comparative growth, biomass

production, nutrient use and soil amelioration by nitrogenfixing tree species in semi-arid Senegal. Forest Ecology and

Management 176: 253-264.

Favela Torres, E.; Baratti, J. 1988. Ethanol production from wheat

f l o u r   b y   Z y m o m o n a s   m o b i l i s.   J o u r n a l   o f   F e r m e n t a t i o n

Technology 66: 167-172.

Gray, K.A.; Zhao, L.; Emptage, M. 2006. Bioethanol. Current

opinion in chemistry Biology 10: 141-146.

Joachimsthal, E.; Haggett, K.D.; Jang, J.H.; Rogers, P.L. 1998. A

m u t a n t   o f   Z y m o m o n a s   m o b i l i s  Z M 4   c a p a b l e   o f   e t h a n o l

p r o d u c t i o n   f r o m   g l u c o s e   i n   t h e   p r e s e n c e   o f   h i g h   a c e t a t e

concentrations. Biotechnology Letters 20: 137-142.

Kailappan, R.; Gothandapani, L.; Viswanathan, R. 2000. Production

of activated carbon from prosopis (Prosopis juliflora). Bioresource

Technology 75: 241-243.

Ka lneni eks ,  U. ;  Ga l inina ,  N. ;  Toma ,  M.M. ;  Pool e ,  R.K.   2 0 0 0 .

Cyanide inhibits respiration yet stimulates aerobic growth of

Zymomonas mobilis. Microbiology 146: 1259-1266.

M o r a i s ,   J . O . F . ;   A r a ú j o ,   J . M . ;   R i o s ,   E . M . ;   M e l o ,   B . R .   1 9 9 3 .

Z y m o m o n a s   m o b i l i s  r e s e a r c h   i n   t h e   P e r n a m b u c o   F e d e r a l

University. Journal of Biotechnology 31: 75-91.

Narenddranath, N.V.; Power, R. 2004. Effect of yeast inoculation

rate on the metabolism of contaminating lactobacilli during

fermentation of corn mash. Journal of Industrial Microbiology

and Biotechnology 31: 581-584.

Received July 30, 2009

Accepted July 26, 2010

Prasad, S.; Singh, A.; Joshi, H.C. 2007. Ethanol as an alternative

fuel from agricultural, industrial and urban residues. Resources

Conservation and Recycling 50: 1-39.

Paula, V.C.; Pinheiro, I.O.; Lopes, C.E.; Calazans, G.M.T. 2007.

Mi c rowa v e - a s s i s t ed hydrolys i s  of   Zymomona s  mo b i l i s  l e v an

envisaging oligofructan production. Bioresource Technology

98: 2549-2556.

Riveros, F. 1992. The genus  Prosopis and its potential to improve

livestock production in arid and semi arid regions. p. 257-276.

In: Speedy, A.; Pugliese, P., eds. Legume trees and other fodder

trees as protein sources for livestock. Rome, Italy. (FAO Animal

Production and Health Paper).

Shene ,  C. ;  Br a vo,   S .   2 0 0 1 .   Zymomona s  mo b i l i s CP 4   f e d - b a t c h

f e rme n t a t i o n s   o f   g l u c o s e - f r u c t o s e  mi x t u r e s   t o   e t h a n o l   a n d

sorbitol. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 57: 323-328.

Silva, C.G.M.; Melo Filho, A.B.; Pires, E.F.; Stamford, T.L.M.

2007. Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of

mesquite flour (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC). Ciência e Tecnologia

de Alimentos 27: 733-736 (in Portuguese, with abstract in English).

S t a m f o r d ,   T . L . M . ;   S i l v a ,   C . G . M . ;   S t a m f o r d .   N . P .   2 0 0 9 .

Biotechnological process for ethanol conversion from Mesquite

(Prosopis juliflora). p. 481-492. In:  Conference on Environment,

3,. University of Athens. Book Environmental Engineering and

Management. Athens, Greece.

Swings, J.; De Ley, J. 1977. The biology of Zymomonas. Bacteriology

Review 41: 1-46.

Tabosa, I.M.; Souza, J.C.; Graca, D.L.; Barbosa, J.M.; Almeida,

R.N.; Riet-Correa, F. 2000. Neural vacuolation of the trigeminal

nuclei in goats caused by ingestion of Prosopis juliflora (mesquite

beans). Veterinary and Human Toxicology 42:  155–158.

Tano, M.S.; Buzato, J.B. 2003. Effect of the presence of initial

ethanol production in sugar cane juice fermented by Zymomonas

mobilis. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 34: 242-244.

Viikari, L. 1998. Carbohydrate metabolism in Zymomonas mobilis.

Review Biotechnology 7: 237-261

NLFRTA

National Latino Farmers and Ranchers Trade Association is a new Association in Development joining Latino Farmers and Ranchers for the betterment of themselves and their country  the US of A.
In search for venues to accomplish the end goal of the organization Mr. Rudy Arredondo is considering the mesquite as presented by George Bain in its multiphase concept one that could help send off the organization with
Marketing
Sales
Animal feeds, natural ecological.
Human foods bulk and processed
Organic fertilizers
Wood, for coal, for chimneys, for carpentry individual and factory, for sculptures and design, for waste utilization.
Animal growth from an orchard environment to a brush environment.
Nurseries and control  environment agriculture.

The thesis over production of ethanol from mesquite beans - U.Piura - Peru

 https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B8q1muWu1C2bYmIwZGZmMDctNTFjZi00MTA0LWFiNTUtY2I1NDM2NzEyYWFk&hl=en

Until now we have only succeeded in upload from the hard copy received from Dr. Gaston Cruz Alcedo of the University of Piura in Peru, the pages you see in pdf format in this link shown above - much work needs to be done to make this information more easily available to you.
We are working on it , if you need the whole thesis this one can be sent to you by directly requesting it to me but unfortunately at this moment I have only the individual pages uploaded from my Lexmark printer to this computer as individual pages in pdf format.

Scientific proof that you can make ethanol from mesquite beans

This is a thesis in Spanish from the University of Piura in Peru obtained threw the generosity of Dr. Gaston  Cruz Alcedo, whom we thank.
Basically it says that you can obtain ethanol from the pulp of the bean and additionally from the tough fiber of said bean after hydrolyzing as you would do any cellulose sample.
We intend to demonstrate that only the yield from the pulp in a commercial operation would be sufficient to render an operation profitable because the remaining sugar in the fibers and other composition of the bean are part of the feed which is made from the left over after the fermentation including the bodies of the yeast that made it so; making the mesquite and its protein content a valuable feed after the alcohol end product.
I am at your service for the translation of any portion of this thesis, credit to the person that wrote the thesis is given by publishing here his front page as it was given in the first lines of this note to the University of Piura.
As an end note will like to mention to all that in Peru, Piurita is but a brand of many other food products that are made using mesquite beans as the raw material.

From Saw milled lumber to finished product

RJMiller is an aeronautical engineer with additional schooling in computer science and this last specialty is what he uses to make a living; an additional MS in Nursing and the engineer degrees and the Navy experience piloting big boats for the Navy were left behind. Imagine all that knowledge attacking all the saw milled lumber bought from my experience at Carrizo Springs and you'l see in the photos of said lumber to be transformed in this blog into the stairs at his home. You can imagine the detail given to the project during, off time from work, in a year and half. Guys like this belong at the Smithsonian and so does the mesquite apparently for none of you will listen to me in that it is the missing link in this off beat economy. From stairs like these to additive ethanol for gasoline and the cookies and bread I am sharing with friends and family this Xmas 2010.

Harvest 2010

August 27, harvested 2 kg in Corpus Christi, Texas most of the crop had fallen, but still plenty of wholesome beans.

August 29, harvested 2 kg a block from the house in San Antonio, Texas also most of the crop fallen but manage to select a few wholesome beans.

August 30, harvested 2 kg a few block from home in the parking lot of Walmart at Bandera and Isom, also the crop had fallen but did manage to save a few good beans.

Washed and chlorinated all 6 kg and then rinsed and dried, video on this procedure has been blogged earlier, the last two samples were ground with frequent re-drying for the ambient was high in humidity, a friend tufted it and got a granola like looking product, I got my usual meal type product.

In a month will re-do my beer recipe increasing the mesquite portion to the English ale recipe. The rest will be for the bread and pancakes when visit comes.

Keep talking to Valero and all other petrochemical companies with no success did visit the Tall and Straight orchard of Dr. Felker at Kingsville Texas A&M and found it abandoned could not find anyone to talk mesquite to, but it was Saturday. Wrote to a person today that says to be representative of the ethanol connection for US and Brazil, this guy by the name of Delgado is sure sweet on both ends, told him that mesquite could be the 2nd corn, with no investment, it is already planted and needs no care I told him.

Keep mesquiting you all, as I will.

NCERC

The University of Southern Illinois houses the National Corn to Ethanol Research Center and has facilities as well as personnel to carry on all the pertinent tests.

http://www.siue.edu/ethanolresearch/pilot-plant.shtml

This is the site were you can contact the Director Dr. Brian Wrenn

I have sent a sample of the mesquite flour to Dr Wrenn and are waiting for some time available to run the sample.

We are grateful to Dr. Wrenn for even considering us.

This is March 2010

Curious enough the mesquite, in it's majority are still sleep [no new leaves visible]. An old indian adage said that only when the mesquite awoke(?) did Spring really start.
Many other trees are all sporting new leaves and a few mesquites but not the majority.
Guess it is backing what the ground hog said, long winter!

Beer from mesquite bean flour

My first try, using materials from Home Brew Fetish in Bandera St., used only the mesquite as the ingredient. The yeast did her thing and so did the mesquite flour, the end product is a beer worth of the Vikings, strong, woody, past new, taste and smell. 3 Home Brew hombres, did not care for it either. Need to use a beer formula and flavor it with mesquite flour.
As soon as I get it done will tell you about it.

II Trial

Used American Light from Iron Master ID IP142AG product of UK in came in a 64 oz can. I added my mesquite flour to it and my final Brix was 15, after 8 days at 70-74 degrees it came down to 7.5 degrees Brix. I used a spoon full of mesquite flour per bottle. After a week the product is drinkable although strong and with a significant presence, very light amount of head from secondary fermentation.
I did get asked for seconds this time.

The 2009 mesquite season

This is May of 2009, the past two months showed a strong flowering stance of the mesquite trees in the San Antonio area. This is indicative of a strong production of beans. Have yet to find the investor for a project making alcohol from these beans but will keep on looking.

Trisoy de Nayarit

A cookie making company in Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico has taken seriously the mesquite connection and have an approved cookie from mesquite meal (George Bain's - San Antonio, Texas) and oat meal, the cookie is to be recommended for diabetic suffering persons. Further study will be done to measure the meaningfullness of the cookie to the diabetic person.
Luis Manuel and Felicitas Hernandez owners of Tri-Soy with email "FELICITAS CORRALES HERNANDEZ" for anyfurther information.